Considering the climate, soil and landform characteristics of tropical area, agricultural development direction and other conditions, the authors explore the land consolidation mode of tropical platform area in Hainan Province based on the analysis of cultivated land consolidation potential. There are four types of land consolidation, the modern agriculture pattern in eastern area, the agricultural tourism integration pattern in southern area, the ecological regulation pattern in western area and the high yield and high efficiency renovation pattern in northern area. Then, the characteristics, potential, the focus of land consolidation direction and key technology of each pattern are analyzed. Combined with the construction of Hainan international tourism island, this paper explores the ecological design modes and scheme of land consolidation project in tropical platform area based on the existing design in land consolidation project, including the design modes of plots, road, irrigation canals and ditches, to meet the climate and landform characteristics of tropical area. The research can provide a scientific basis for the planning and design modes of land consolidation in tropical platform area.

This study takes the three industries and the internal structure of tertiary industry in ecological conservation development area of Beijing from 2005 to 2012 as the research object, using shift-share analysis method, comprehensively analyses of the development of industry share deviates from the components, structure deviation and competitiveness deviation component, provides some reference for choosing the leading industry in ecological conservation development area and the adjustment of industrial structure. The results shows that the first industry in ecological conservation development area has a certain but small amount competitiveness, cannot effectively promote economic development of the whole area; the second industry growth in ecological conservation development area is slower than the average level in Beijing, and does not have the competitive advantage; the total deviation vector of the third industry presents the obvious rise, and accelerates the development trend, which is the main force of the regional economic development in the future. In potential leading industry selection for districts and counties, Mentougou District takes the culture, sports and entertainment industry, and finance industry as leading industries, Huairou District takes the information transmission, computer services and software industry as the leading industry, Pinggu District takes the culture, sports and entertainment industry as leading industry, in the present stage of the third industry in Miyun County has not meet the requirements of the industry, and the estate industry is the leading industry for Yanqing County. Comprehensive tourism is suitable for the dominant industry of ecological conservation development area, and is also in line with the industry development present situation and future development direction. That can effectively promote regional economic development.

The lower lateral spectral resolution is caused by the divergence of energy clots in the velocity and effective anisotropic parameter spectra when standard semblance operator is used. To solve the problem, the deterministic trace resorting differential semblance operator is introduced. By resorting the seismic traces, the differential semblance operator is sensitive to the moveout between the adjacent seismic traces, which maximize the spectral resolution. This method could be firstly applied to effective anisotropic parameter analysis using nonhyperbolic traveltime. The synthetic and field data examples are introduced to testify the efficiency of the new method, and the results confirm that spectral resolution increases a lot compared with standard semblance method.

Taking Nanlv land consolidation project in Tunchang County of Hainan Province as an example, the authors explored the method based on analysis of landscape pattern and restrictive factors. Firstly, the landscape pattern of landscape scale and type scale is analyzed by ArcGIS and FRAGSTAS. Then, using the units of agricultural land classification as the unit of analysis, the restrictive factors are analyzed by the method of combination of grading factors. The combination types of grading factors and their restrictive degree of each unit is gotten. Lastly, based on the result of analysis of landscape pattern and restrictive factors, planning and design modes of land consolidation are proposed. Among them, the spatial layout planning is to determine the pattern of land use of the land consolidation project, including the spatial location and quantity ratio, and the position of the land consolidation project. The ecological design of land consolidation is to design the land types and land consolidation project based on ecological protection, including the plots, field roads, the irrigation canals and ditches. The research can provide a scientific basis for the planning and design modes of land consolidation in tropical plateau area.

Based on the statistical data of 126 counties in Henan, using mathematical statistics method and spatial autocorrelation analysis, spatial changes and variation character of grain yield per hectare at county level in Henan Province during 1980?2012 are discussed by SPSS, ArcGIS and GeoDa software, and the increase potential of grain yield per hectare and total yield at regional scale are calculated. The results show that:1) During 1980?2012, grain yield per hectare and its absolute difference at county level take on increasing trend by and large, while the relative difference increases first and then decreases. The distributional pattern of grain yield per hectare changes from positive skewness to negative skewness, and the agglomeration degree of grain yield per hectare increases first and then decreases. 2) Grain yield per hectare at county level in Henan has a strong spatial autocorrelation with evident pattern “high in the eastern while low in the western”. The increment of grain yield per hectare descends from East to West at county level, and counties with higher increment of grain yield per hectare gather in the eastern plain area of Henan. 3) The changes of grain yield per hectare at county level show a positive spatial autocorrelation and the characteristic of spatial clustering of regional high value and low value is significant. The counties with “High-High” and “Low-Low” correlation are the majority. The counties with significant “High-High” correlation are mostly located in the eastern of Huang-Huai plain area and northwestern of the Hebei-Shandong-Henan low-lying plain area, while the counties with significant “Low-Low” correlation are mainly distributed in western Henan mountainous-hilly area and western of Huang-Huai plain area. 4) Henan Province is divided into 5 first-grade regions and 11 second-grade regions according to the coupled conditions of farming system regionalization and LISA cluster map. The potential output per hectare of the 5 first-grade regions could be sorted in descending order as hilly-mountainous region of Hubei-Henan-Anhui, piedmont region of Taihang mountain and Yanshan mountain, western Henan mountainous-hilly region, Huang-Huai plain region, and Hebei-Shandong-Henan low-lying plain region. The total potential output of Henan Province is 1.27×10⁷ tons, and the 5 regions could be sorted as Huang-Huai plain area, hilly-mountainous region of Hubei-Henan-Anhui, piedmont region of Taihang mountain and Yanshan mountain, western Henan mountainous-hilly region, and Hebei-Shandong-Henan low-lying plain region.

A chronic field manipulative experiment of ±30% throughfall (+30%, ?30%, and control, respectively) in a Mongolian pine plantation was carried out to detect the responses of forest soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity to precipitation change at PKU-SOGES, China. Results of repeated measures ANOVA indicate that there is no statistically significant effect of three throughfall treatments on soil respiration rates and apparent Q₁₀ generally (p>0.05). Multiple comparisons of paired t-test show that the soil respiration rates of +30% is statistically higher than that of the control (p<0.001), and the latter is not different from ?30% statistically (p >0.05). The order of apparent temperature sensitivity of soil respiration for three throughfall treatments is ?30% < control < +30% (p >0.05), which has a weak increasing trend along with increased precipitation. The results imply that the impact of chronic precipitation decrease of 30% on forest soil respiration may be rather limited, but the precipitation increase of 30% will stimulate soil CO₂ efflux dramatically.

The contents of inorganic Nitrogen (N) and rates of soil N mineralization at soil depths of 0?5, 5?10,10?20 and 20?30 cm were measured by a field manipulative experiment of ±30% throughfall and closed-top tube incubation method in a Pinus sylvetris var. mongolica plantation at PKU-SOGES, China. The results show that the contents of inorganic N, NH₄⁺-N, and NO₃^--N at the soil depths of 0?30 cm are 6.70±2.31, 5.59±1.78, 1.11±0.77 mg/kg, respectively. There is no significant difference among inorganic N contents of different soil depths and throughfall treatments but the NO₃^--N of +30% is lower than that of control. Net N mineralization rates of 0?30 cm was ?0.24 (?6.65 to 10.24) mg/(kg?30d). Throughfall treatments and soil depths have no significant effects on net ammonification rates. According to the net nitrification rates and net N mineralization rates, both of them at 0?5 cm are significantly higher than those at other soil depths, and treatments of ±30% throughfall are higher than the control. In a word, both the ±30% throughfall treatments decrease inorganic N, and increase net N mineralization rates. The results also indicate that impacts of precipitation change on soil NH₄⁺-N and ammonification are weaker than those on NO₃^--N and nitrification. This study will contribute to assessment of precipitation changes on plantation ecosystem service and N biogeochemical cycle.

The author used Morlet complex wavelet analysis to analyze the precipitation fluctuation from 1965 to 2011 at Saihanba in Hebei Province and to reveal the multi-time scale feature of precipitation pattern. It shows that the anomolies of monthly precipitaion, growing season precipitation (May to September) and annual precipitation in the last 47 years vary at two time-scales: one is 4 years of inter-annual oscillation, which is the low-frequency part of the inter-annual fluctuation after high-frequency filtering; and the other is about 18 years of decadal oscillation. The growing season precipitation of Saihanba accounts for 83.1 percent of the annual precipitation, thus both of them often show the same trends but with some exceptions. The wavelet coefficient curve under the scale of 18 years indicates that precipitation will keep higher than mean annual precipitation with decreased anomalies in 2012?2015.

A field experiment manipulating throughfall was constructed in a Pinus sylvetris var. mongolica plantation at PKU-SOGES. This study investigated the response of two indicators of belowground ecosystem processes, soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial quotient, to±30% throughfall amount. During the growing season from May to September, 2007, soil microbial biomass carbon (260.7 mg/kg) and microbial quotient (1.84 %) decreased with soil depth. Generally, the effects of ±30% throughfall amount on the means of soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial quotient in the growing season were not significant. Interestingly, the dynamics were much clear for the -30% throughfall treatment, with soil microbial biomass ranged from 243.1 mg/kg to 354.3 mg/kg and microbial quotient from 1.43% to 2.16%, and the highest value was in May and the lowest was in July. This indicates that the decrease of precipitation in a growing season may lead to a stronger fluctuation in soil microbial activity, thus alter the dynamics of belowground carbon cycle processes.

To determine the change of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) following grassland afforestation, the authors compared soil DOC, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total N (STN) of top 30cm soils under Leymus chinensis meadow steppe, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, and Larix principis-rupprechtii. plantation in Saihanba, Hebei Province. DOC, SOC and STN of coniferous plantation soils were less than those of meadow steppe soils; DOC, SOC, and STN decreased following 40-year grassland afforestation. Soil heterogeneities of coniferous plantations were lower than meadow steppes.